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State‐level newborn screening allows for early treatment of genetic disorders, which can substantially improve health outcomes for newborns. As the cost of genetic testing decreases, it is becoming an essential part of newborn screening. A genetic disorder can be caused by many mutation variants; therefore, an important decision is to determine which variants to search for (ie, the panel design), under a testing budget. The frequency of variants that cause a disorder and the incidence of the disorder vary by racial/ethnic group. Consequently, it is important to consider equity issues in panel design, so as to reduce disparities among different groups. We study the panel design problem using cystic fibrosis (CF) as a model disorder, considering the trade‐offs between equity and accuracy, under a limited budget. Most states use a genetic test in their CF screening protocol, but panel designs vary, and, due to cost, no state's panel includes all CF‐causing variants. We develop models that design equitable genetic testing panels, and compare them with panels that maximize sensitivity in the general population. Our case study, based on realistic CF data, highlights the value of equitable panels and provides important insight for newborn screening practices. 相似文献
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运用可靠性的原理、方法和有关标准,对产品进行设计改进,对其生产、验收过程实行严格的控制,是提高已定型列装电子产品固有可靠性的一条重要途径.本文结合XX电台的控制实践对此进行了系统的论述. 相似文献
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Factor screening is performed to eliminate unimportant factors so that the remaining important factors can be more thoroughly studied in later experiments. Controlled sequential bifurcation (CSB) and controlled sequential factorial design (CSFD) are two new screening methods for discrete‐event simulations. Both methods use hypothesis testing procedures to control the Type I Error and power of the screening results. The scenarios for which each method is most efficient are complementary. This study proposes a two‐stage hybrid approach that combines CSFD and an improved CSB called CSB‐X. In Phase 1, a prescreening procedure will estimate each effect and determine whether CSB‐X or CSFD will be used for further screening. In Phase 2, CSB‐X and CSFD are performed separately based on the assignment of Phase 1. The new method usually has the same error control as CSB‐X and CSFD. The efficiency, on the other hand, is usually much better than either component method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010 相似文献
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Efficient budget allocation strategies for elementary effects method in stochastic simulation 下载免费PDF全文
This paper focuses on extending the Morris' elementary effects method (MM) for sensitivity analysis/factor screening originated in the context of deterministic computer experiments to the stochastic simulation setting. Given a fixed simulation budget to expend, the main objective is to provide efficient and accurate estimates of main and interaction (or nonlinear) effects coined by the standard MM for characterizing the importance of each factor, despite the impact of simulation errors. Taking into account both the factor/input sampling uncertainty rooted in MM and the random errors inherent in a stochastic simulation, we develop efficient budget allocation strategies for implementing MM in this new context. Under each strategy proposed, we derive its corresponding optimal budget partition and optimal budget allocation rules. Numerical results corroborate the practical effectiveness of the proposed budget allocation strategies. 相似文献
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本文根据当前我国研究生培养的形势、任务和现状,推出了一个用模糊数学方法对在校研究生从思想素质、业务能力及身体状况诸方面进行全面考核、评价的基于计算机辅助实施的中期筛选系统方案。构造了筛选系统的矩阵结构,并从研究生中期筛选实践过程中导出了两个用于评价优秀研究生和拟淘汰研究生的模糊算子。通过计算机辅助统计和分析,能够为决策部门提供具有较高置信水平的筛选信息和方案。 相似文献
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为了检验实际条件下导弹尾罩分离运动可能存在的风险,建立了基于凯恩方程的分离过程多体动力学模型与基于关键点-碰撞边界相对位置判断的碰撞检测模型,采用蒙特卡洛方法与Morris筛选法对输入参数存在随机偏差时尾罩分离运动受到的影响进行了不确定性分析,通过蒙特卡洛法得到了分离运动状态的散布特性,通过Morris筛选法得到了各输入变量的影响程度排序。研究结果表明:尾罩分离方案的可靠性较高,在输入参数存在偏差情况下也可满足安全性指标,各项输入参数中风干扰、推冲器的推力偏差对尾罩落点距离的影响相对较大,而导弹点火时尾罩的横向距离受风与出筒速度的影响相对较大。 相似文献
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通过电化学腐蚀原理的分析,认为被复线用铜包钢绞合导体是用铜钢混绞导体耐蚀性的3倍,有效提高了被复线的野外使用性能.与装备电缆通用的钢丝、铜丝混绞或混编导体或屏蔽层相比,铜包钢丝还兼有更好的耐蚀性、导电性、导磁性和力学性能,是一类优良的电磁屏蔽用导体材料,为装备线缆的设计采用和性能提高提供了防腐依据. 相似文献
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针对传统特征描述符计算复杂度高、配准精度低的问题,提出一种基于不同尺度点邻域特征信息差异的点云配准算法。在特征描述符方面,对关键点选取不同尺度的邻域空间,计算各尺度空间之间的特征值归一化向量差异和法向量夹角,建立点邻域尺度差异描述符,特征描述符计算简单且节省时间。在关键点选取方面,根据曲面形状指数设计了一种寻找关键点的方法,提取的点具有很好的代表性。在对应关系寻找方面,提出一种基于欧式距离的对应点二重筛选方法,找出对应点对集,设计了基于全局距离的全局最优点云变换矩阵求取方法。实验结果表明,点邻域尺度差异描述的点云配准算法具有良好的配准精度和稳健的噪声鲁棒性。 相似文献
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